现代分析仪器在高中化学教学中的应用*——以“防晒霜的防晒效果实验探究”为例

从高中化学原子、分子等抽象性的知识教学出发,以防晒霜的防晒效果实验探究为例,探讨了现代分析仪器在高中化学教学中的应用。通过利用现代分析仪器紫外可见分光光度计,结合紫外线变色球实验探究防晒霜的防晒效果,分析并认识防晒霜中化学防晒的机理。结果表明,防晒霜的厚度越大、SPF越高,防晒霜的防晒效果越好,并且防晒霜的防晒效果可以持续一段时间,但是不同类型的防晒产品存在一定差异。在化学教学中渗透现代分析仪器的应用,为学生进一步了解化学学科在改变学习方式、拓宽学科知识领域、推动自身全面与可持续发展方面打下坚实的基础。     

Modulating Charge Carrier Efficient Separation Enabled by Lewis Base Modification in Paper-based Photoelectrochemical Sensor

The separation efficiency of charge carriers determines the analytical sensitivity of the paper-based photoelectrochemical sensor. Herein, the Lewis base modification strategy is proposed to promote the carrier separation through an in-situ ion exchange method. Firstly, three-dimensional paper-based hierarchically TiO₂ (PHT) arrays are prepared with the one-step hydrothermal method. With the aid of Lewis base, the photo-induced charge separation efficiency and the photocurrent signal are obviously increased. Ultimately, sensitive sensing of prostate specific antigen (PSA) is achieved and the linear range is 1 pg/mL–100 ng/mL with the detection limitation of 0.3 pg/mL.     

关于两个图的一类新连接图的谱

给定2个图G1和G2，设G1的边集E(G1)={e1,e2,?,em1}，则图G1⊙G2可由一个G1，m1个G2通过在G1对应的每条边外加一个孤立点，新增加的点记为U={u1,u2,?,um1}，将ui分别与第i个G2的所有点以及G1中的边ei的端点相连得到，其中i=?1,2,?,m1。得到：（i）当G1是正则图，G2是正则图或完全二部图时，确定了G1⊙G2的邻接谱（A-谱）。（ii）当G1是正则图，G2是任意图时，给出了G1⊙G2的拉普拉斯谱（L-谱）。（iii）当G1和G2都是正则图时，给出了G1⊙G2的无符号拉普拉斯谱（Q-谱）。作为以上结论的应用，构建了无限多对A-同谱图、L-同谱图和Q-同谱图；同时当G1是正则图时，确定了G1⊙G2支撑树的数量和Kirchhoff指数。     

Wave packet dynamics of nonlinear Gazeau–Klauder coherent states of a position-dependent mass system in a Coulomb-like potential

AD = 1 position-dependent mass approach to constructing nonlinear quantum states for a modified Coulomb potential is used to generate Gazeau–Klauder coherent states. It appears that their energy eigenvalues are scaled down by the quantum number and the nonlinearity coefficient. We study the basic properties of these states, which are found to be undefined on the whole complex plane, and some details of their revival structure are discussed.     

Effect of thickness variations of lithium niobate on insulator waveguide on the frequency spectrum of spontaneous parametric down-conversion

We study the effect of waveguide thickness variations on the frequency spectrum of spontaneous parametric down-conversion in the periodically-poled lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) waveguide. We analyze several variation models and our simulation results show that thickness variations in several nanometers can induce distinct effects on the central peak of the spectrum, such as narrowing, broadening, and splitting. We also prove that the effects of positive and negative variations can be canceled and thus lead to a variation-robust feature and an ultra-broad bandwidth. Our study may promote the development of on-chip photon sources in the LNOI platform, as well as opens up a way to engineer photon frequency state.     

双激光脉冲打靶形成Gd等离子体的极紫外光谱辐射

高端芯片制造所需要的极紫外光刻技术位于我国当前面临35项"卡脖子"关键核心技术之首.高转换效率的极紫外光源是极紫外光刻系统的重要组成部分.本文通过采用双激光脉冲打靶技术实现较强的6.7 nm极紫外光输出.首先,理论计算Gd¹⁸⁺—Gd²⁷⁺离子最外层4d壳层的4p-4d和4d-4f能级之间跃迁、以及Gd¹⁴⁺—Gd¹⁷⁺离子最外层4f壳层的4d-4f能级之间跃迁对波长为6.7 nm附近极紫外光的贡献.其后开展实验研究,结果表明,随着双脉冲之间延时的逐渐增加,波长为6.7 nm附近的极紫外光辐射强度呈现先减弱、后增加、之后再减弱的变化趋势,在双脉冲延时为100 ns处产生的极紫外光辐射最强.并且,在延时为100 ns处产生的光谱效率最高,相比于单脉冲激光产生的光谱效率提升了33%.此外,发现双激光脉冲打靶技术可以有效地减弱等离子体的自吸收效应,获得的6.7 nm附近极紫外光谱宽度均小于单激光脉冲打靶的情形,且在脉冲延时为30 ns时刻所产生的光谱宽度最窄,约为单独主脉冲产生极紫外光谱宽度的1/3.同时...     

Highly sensitive perylene tetra-(alkoxycarbonyl) based colorimetric and ratiometric probes for fluorine detection

Fluoride anion (F^?) affects environmental, biological, and chemical processes significantly. Therefore, its detection has received increasing attention, and sensitive, effective, and convenient probes for F^? detection need to be developed urgently. In this work, two perylene tetra-(alkoxycarbonyl) (PTAC) based colorimetric and ratiometric probes, P1 and P2, were developed for the detection of F^?. The interactions between F^? and these two probes were investigated by absorption, electrochemistry, ¹H NMR, and density functional methods. Both the two probes were complexed with F^? with a ratio of 1:1. The detection limits of P1 and P2 were 0.22 μM and 0.87 μM, respectively. It was worth noting that the absorption peak of P1 showed a 190 nm red shift when sensing F^?, and P1 is the largest red shift value reported in F^? probes based on PTAC derivatives. This phenomenon was resulted from the unique configuration and deprotonation of P1 that can promote the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). This strategy provides an example for the development of other ion probes based on D-A type ICT mechanism.     

纳米线组装叶片状三氧化钼的合成及其对三乙胺的气敏性能

通过溶剂热法制备了由一维纳米线自组装的叶状三氧化钼纳米材料，借助X射线衍射（XRD）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）、紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）、热重-示差扫描量热（TG-DSC）、氮气吸附（N₂-sorption）等技术对材料进行了系统的组成和结构表征。结果表明，一维纳米线表面具有粗糙结构，且由一维纳米线组装的叶片状三氧化钼属畸变八面体中的正交晶系，其主要暴露的结晶面是（021）。此叶片状三氧化钼气敏材料在300℃的最佳工作温度下，对2.25 g·m^-3的三乙胺表现出优异的选择性、超高的灵敏度和较快的响应时间（5 s），甚至在浓度为4.5 mg·m^-3的检测标准下响应值仍可达到12.4。基于以上结构表征和性能测试结果，对叶片状三氧化钼的形成及三乙胺敏感机理进行了初步探讨分析。     

La掺杂和空位对ZnS磁性和光学性能影响的第一性原理研究

利用密度泛函理论框架下的平面波超软赝势法,通过第一性原理对La掺杂与Zn空位(V_(Zn))及La掺杂与S空位(V_S)共存的ZnS体系的电子结构、磁性机理、形成能及吸收光谱进行了研究.结果表明, La掺杂与空位(V_(Zn)或V_S)的空间位置最近时,掺杂体系的形成能最低,体系最稳定.另外,La掺杂与Zn空位共存时,体系具有磁性,且体系的净磁矩与La原子与Zn空位的相对位置有关;La掺杂与S空位共存时,掺杂体系无磁性,但此时体系的禁带宽度最窄且吸收光谱红移最显著.